APPLICATION OF ISRAEL’S EXPERIENCE IN EQUIPMENT OF CIVIL DEFENSE STRUCTURES NEAR PUBLIC GROUND TRANSPORT STOPS IN UKRAINE

Abstract

The article highlights the problem of ensuring the protection of the population at urban transport stops in the context of the current war. It compares domestic experience gained during the contemporary armed aggression of Russia with the experience of Israel in ensuring the protection of citizens in urban environments, particularly near urban transport stops. The purpose of the study is to analyze the planning and design solutions of protective structures near public land transport stops in Ukraine. Objectives of the study: systematization of domestic experience; studying the experience of Israel; comparative analysis of national and Israeli experience; development of proposals for the arrangement of civil defense structures near public land transport stops in Ukraine. The research employs theoretical methods, analysis of current regulatory documentation, articles in specialized publications, as well as the experience of Israel and the war in Ukraine. The main types of shelters installed at public transport stops, their design, architectural, planning and construction features are analyzed. The experience of production and operation of prefabricated and monolithic shelters in Israel is analyzed. The degree and advantages of prefabricated shelters and the experience of their maintenance in Kharkiv are determined. The developments of architects regarding the attractive appearance of bus stops-shelters are analyzed. In particular, with the use of 3D printing technology The necessity for supplementing existing building codes or preparing separate regulatory requirements for such shelters has been justified. Several issues have been identified that require more detailed consideration in the design of protective structures near public surface transport stops. The results of the research can be practically applied to create safe shelters at urban transport stops.